One of the premises of CoCHAP is to build a foundation of practice and knowledge which can be learned from and scaled in regard to building resilience to extreme heat and coastal hazards in secondary cities. The Project has indicators and monitoring and evaluation plans at detail. We also strive for learning in a broader sense which requires a parallel process of reflection and learning from not just our experience but of our partners and the communities. This Learning agenda outlines the learning questions, moments and indicators for the key stakeholders and partners of the COCHAP based on the initial discussions during the first team meeting in Geneva in June 2023.

This learning agenda is meant to be living document to be adjusted at any point in time during the life of the Project -and beyond hopefully.

Learning Questions

Q 1. What makes a city resilience coalition meaningful and effective? What are the different operating modalities of city resilience coalition?

• Document different modalities of city resilience coalition models and operating procedures in each Project city.
• Based on above, create a tool/process for effective coalition modalities including tracking stakeholder participation in COCHAP projects that surveys for “meaningful” and “effective” and asks, “who else should be at the table?” in different contexts.
• Share this tool/process and its outcome in learning events.

Q 2:  What kind of process and approaches are effective in identifying interventions/activities in cities? What capacities do NSs need to identify and implement these activities?

• Document how different NSs have carried out city profiling, assessments, surveys to identify the target communities/neighbourhoods. Compile and analyse the tools and the processes used.
• Analyse whether/how research and scientific data, particularly for extreme heat and coastal hazards are used and how effective they have been.
• Create tools to increase the capacity of NSs in targeting and delivering services effectively in cities.

Q 3:  What are the most effective solutions in reducing the adverse impacts of extreme heat in cities?

• Map the local solutions adapted by different groups/communities in COCHAP cities.
• Learn from the COCHAP experience in developing ideas and solutions to reduce extreme heat for different groups and communities. Document and share as described in the below section.
• Integrate the learnings into the related tools of RCRC.

Q 4:  What kind of nature-based solutions to address the impacts of climate change in cities are implemented by the cities under COCHAP? 

• Map the NBS solutions adapted by the COCHAP cities.
• Learn from the COCHAP experience in applying NBS in cities, capturing the role/contribution of RCRC and the other members of the city coalitions to advance NBS in cities.
• Integrate the learnings into the related tools such as urban resilience toolkit, coastal cities toolkit (new?) and Nature Navigator etc.

Moments of Learning and outputs

Sharing and Learning Days:

These could be annual in person events with online semi-annual events to share lessons learnt and challenges experiences, present products and update each other on progress. In-person events can take place in a place that is convenient to everyone (could be in project countries on a rotating base). Efforts should be made to piggyback other events such as regional forums, UCP meetings, WUF etc. Semi-annual S&L days can be 1-1,5-hour sessions over 2-3 days convened by the Climate Center and co-hosted by the NSs.  The first in-person S&L event took place in Geneva in June 2023. The online semi-annual S&L days will be organized on 27-28 November 2023.

Topical deep-dive sessions

Annually the team will facilitate at least one deep-dive session on a specific topic – asking and exploring pertinent and challenging questions that arose during project implementation. The result could be shared as a webinar or a session during and regional/international event such as World urban Forum.

Exchange visits

This will promote a closer connection and allow participants to experience the different project related challenges and activities, stimulating dialogue and synergies between the different project sites. The frequency of the trips and the participants will be discussed and determined through a consultation with country teams/NSs to be facilitated by the global technical/management support team.

After action reflection

Every project engagement will be followed by a short reflection, documenting the original objectives of the engagement/ process, lessons learnt (what did work well and what was not so good and what should we do differently next time?)

Africa Region Learning agenda (IFRC supported)

This is a separate program supported by the IFRC Africa region aim to scale up the methodologies and tools and lessons learned of COCHAP among the NSs in Africa region.  The outputs of this process will be shared among the COCHAP countries to augment the learning.The documents can be found at this link.

Sharing

Creative communication of key lessons and stories

Stories of lessons learnt stories of inspiration or think pieces are published throughout the project lifespan. These stories will be published on the project microsite, website of partners and social media platforms.

The approaches to sharing these stories can be chosen by the consortium members, depending on the story and intended audience. These approaches can include cartoons generated through a co-production process with cartoon artists, cardboard theatre, memes, short video stories, virtual reality experiences, augmented reality apps.

Publications

Key learning moments and outcomes of the project will be published in a series of publications and managed by the project team. All publications will be reviewed by at least two persons within the consortium and one external reviewer prior to publication.

These publications can include:

• Working papers on specific thematic areas
• Scientific papers (peer reviewed journal publications)
• Briefing documents on specific tools and approaches

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This document outlines examples of Save the Children’s experience with child-centred early warning systems, linked to the four pillars of the Early Warning for All initiative. It is intended as a starting point for discussion and further identification of good practice examples to ensure meaningful participation of children in development and implementation of early warning systems.

Source: Save the Children

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This study presents a synthesis of the currently available data, analysis and projections, and reports on climate induced displacement and migration in coastal communities. It attempts to unpack the compounding effects of internal migration/displacement caused by climate-weather related events on cities and towns located in low-lying coastal/shoreline and delta areas (for abbreviation, referred to as “coastal cities”).

It is projected that approximately 800 million people in 570 cities will be exposed to the risks related to rising seas and storm surges by 2050 [[i]]. The impacts of climate change, particularly climate- and weather-related disasters are already having a large effect on global migration and displacement patterns globally [[ii]]. In the past decade, 86% of all disasters triggered by natural hazards were caused by weather-and climate-related events, killing over 410,000 people, and affecting 1.7 billion [[iii]].

Coastal settlements range from small settlements to small island states with maritime populations and/or beaches and atolls that are major tourist attractions, large cities that are major transport and financial hubs in coastal deltas, to megacities and even megaregions with several coastal megacities. The Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) [[iv]] mentions involuntary displacement and migration among the many adverse impacts of climate change. It notes the ocean-driven coastal risks to people, land and infrastructure in places associated with higher inequality and high growth rates, especially in deltas, leading to larger vulnerability and exposure (with high confidence[1]), respectively, under higher warming levels. Coastal areas also face climate hazards that are not specific to the coast, including heat waves, snowstorms, heavy rainfall, flooding, storms, and landslides. Rapidly urbanizing coastal areas are at particularly high risk of losses due to their location and exposure to extreme natural events including tides, currents and waves, runoff, storms, sediment flow, and erosion.

As temperatures and sea levels rise, climate change contributes to flash floods, salinization of water sources, and more intense storm surges associated with severe cyclones. The Asia and Pacific region have the highest risk of flood displacement, with more than 86% of those at risk living in urban and peri-urban areas [[i]].

Coastal cities also face climate hazards that are not specific to their coastal location, including heat waves, snowstorms, heavy rainfall, flooding, storms, and landslides. While large scale sudden-onset events such as flash floods have the potential to destroy assets, lives, and livelihoods, slow-onset events, such as sea level rise, drought, and desertification may interact with and aggravate sudden-onset hazards such as storm surge [[i]]. In 2013, the sudden onset of Typhoon Haiyan within the Philippines caused significant damage to buildings and infrastructure, flooding in low-lying areas, landslides and storm surges [[ii]]. For coastal cities and urban areas, the heat island effect[1] worsens the impacts of drought and aridity. The IPCC assessment report notes that droughts, whether meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, or ecological, and while differing by region, also significantly impact cities through groundwater withdrawal and thus depletion [[iii]].

[1]  Urban areas, where built-up structures and traffic flows are highly concentrated and greenery is limited, become “islands” of higher temperatures relative to outlying areas. These pockets of heat are referred to as “heat islands.”

[i] IDMC: Unsettlement: Urban displacement in the 21st century

[ii]  Lagmay, A.M. (2015), Devastating storm surges of Typhoon Haiyan, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Vol. 11, March 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.10.006

[iii]  IPCC (2022)

[i]  IDMC GRID. 2019. Flood Displacement Risk – An urban perspective

[1] IPCC describes the level of confidence as very low, low, medium, high and very high, expressing evidence, agreement and confidence. For a given evidence and agreement statement, increasing levels of evidence and degrees of agreement are correlated with increasing confidence.

[i]   UNDESA (2018), World Urbanization Prospects,

UNHabitat (2021) World Cities Report, https://unhabitat.org/World%20Cities%20Report%202020

[ii]   IFRC (2021), Displacement in a Changing Climate,

[iii]   IFRC, (2020)  World Disasters Report: Come Heat or High Water.

[iv]   IPCC (2022) Glavovic, B.C., et al.  Cities and Settlements by the Sea, Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

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Now in their third year, the State of Play reports provide snapshots of international, regional and national investments, commitments and activities linked to early warning and early action. This year’s report focuses on the work of REAP Partners following the recommendations of the 2022 report; identifies both upcoming (for 2024) and longer-term issues, and opportunities for addressing them; and provides an overview of commitments and activities that contribute towards REAP’s 4 Targets.

An ever-greater number of actors are engaged in the early warning early action agenda, including on policy development, investment, planning, and implementation. Thanks in large part to the greater diversity of actors contributing to improved awareness, understanding and collaborative action across the full value chain, approaches to the agenda are also becoming more sophisticated and nuanced. Most actors agree with and support calls for humanitarian, development and climate actors to work in closer harmony, across sectors and levels, as recommended by the 2022 State of Play. This year’s research and analysis highlighted three important ways to make that move:

• Integrate anticipatory action into broader disaster risk management action.
• Ground global policy debates in the realities of implementation.
• Make sense of the initiatives, partnerships and networks working on early warning and early action

Access the report for more insights on how to take these and other priorities forward in 2024 and beyond.

DARAJA mentions on pages: 7, 19, 42, 46

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DARAJA quote featured on p. 7

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Founded by the Insurance Development Forum, University of Oxford, and UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), under the original umbrella of the Global Resilience Index Initiative (GRII), the RPDH aims to fix the information gap for aggregated risk decision-making and the guidance of capital flows towards resilience.

The original concept was launched at COP26 in Glasgow, to provide  sovereigns and financial institutions with globally consistent reference data on climate and natural hazards and risks, under current and future climate conditions. This essential information is now open and accessible to all, using shared standards and consistent metrics at local to global scales.

Explore the Global Climate-Related Risk Analytics here.

The GRI Risk Viewer, previously called the Global Systemic Risk Assessment Tool (G-SRAT), is a data and analytics portal covering hazards, exposure, vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people around the world. This tool aims to support climate adaptation decision-making by identifying spatial vulnerabilities and risks under current and future climate scenarios.

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